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. 2016 Jul 20;8(43):73670–73683. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10727

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Copyright: © 2017 Shang et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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A. Transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining from rats without or with ketamine treated for 1, 2 and 3 months showed nuclear colocalization with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (original magnification 200×). Only cells positive for both TUNEL and DAPI were considered positive for apoptosis. B. Ultrastructural analysis of the corpus cavernosum tissue from rats without or with ketamine treated for 1, 2 and 3 months. We observed abnormal structures and apoptosis of the smooth muscle cells at 1 month after ketamine treated and collagen deposition were clearly observed increase after ketamine treated 3 months. Arrow is corporal smooth muscle site; Arrow head is the collagen deposition (original magnification 5000×). C. Apoptotic cell quantification expressed as the number of apoptotic cell/area of the corpus cavernosum. Apoptotic index in ketamine treated 1 month significantly increase increased compared with that in others groups. *p < 0.001 compared with other groups.

A. Transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining from rats without or with ketamine treated for 1, 2 and 3 months showed nuclear colocalization with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (original magnification 200×). Only cells positive for both TUNEL and DAPI were considered positive for apoptosis. B. Ultrastructural analysis of the corpus cavernosum tissue from rats without or with ketamine treated for 1, 2 and 3 months. We observed abnormal structures and apoptosis of the smooth muscle cells at 1 month after ketamine treated and collagen deposition were clearly observed increase after ketamine treated 3 months. Arrow is corporal smooth muscle site; Arrow head is the collagen deposition (original magnification 5000×). C. Apoptotic cell quantification expressed as the number of apoptotic cell/area of the corpus cavernosum. Apoptotic index in ketamine treated 1 month significantly increase increased compared with that in others groups. *p < 0.001 compared with other groups.