Table 1. Clinical characteristics of study cohorts.
| Characteristic | Discovery cohort | Replication cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, N | 515 | 411 | ||
| Age at diagnosis | ||||
| Median, y (IQR) | 70 (64–77) | 72 (66–77) | ||
| PSA at diagnosis | ||||
| Median, ng/mL (IQR) | 21.6 (9.4–73.0) | 21.5 (11.0–81.8) | ||
| Biopsy Gleason score at diagnosis, N (%) | ||||
| < 7 | 143 (28.5) | 177 (43.8) | ||
| 7 | 213 (42.4) | 116 (28.7) | ||
| > 7 | 146 (29.1) | 111 (27.5) | ||
| Clinical stage at diagnosis, N (%) | ||||
| T1/T2 | 212 (41.8) | 190 (46.3) | ||
| T3/T4/N1 | 163 (32.1) | 129 (31.5) | ||
| M1 | 132 (26.0) | 91 (22.2) | ||
| Localized prostate cancer | Discovery cohort | Pa | Replication cohort | Pa |
| Patients, N | 150 | 171 | ||
| Disease progression, N (%) | ||||
| No | 105 (70.0) | 96 (56.1) | ||
| Yes | 45 (30.0) | 75 (43.9) | ||
| Median follow-up timeb, mo (95% CI) | 23 (15–31) | 30 (23–37) | ||
| Age at diagnosis | ||||
| Median, y (IQR) | 65 (61–69) | 0.147 | 67 (62–72) | 0.850 |
| PSA at diagnosis | ||||
| Median, ng/mL (IQR) | 10.4 (6.6–17.0) | 0.009 | 12.7 (8.0–20.8) | < 0.001 |
| Pathologic Gleason score, N (%) | ||||
| < 7 | 51 (34.9) | < 0.001 | 74 (44.0) | < 0.001 |
| 7 | 78 (53.4) | 67 (39.9) | ||
| > 7 | 17 (11.6) | 27 (16.1) | ||
| Pathologic stage, N (%) | ||||
| T1/T2 | 100 (69.0) | < 0.001 | 101 (59.1) | < 0.001 |
| T3/T4/N1 | 45 (31.0) | 70 (40.9) | ||
| M1 | 0 (0.0) | 0(0.0) | ||
| Advanced prostate cancer | Discovery cohort | Pa | Replication cohort | Pa |
| Patients, N | 365 | 240 | ||
| Disease progression, N (%) | ||||
| No | 93 (25.5) | 59 (24.7) | ||
| Yes | 271 (74.5) | 180 (75.3) | ||
| Median follow-up timeb, mo (95% CI) | 61 (53–69) | 57 (45–69) | ||
| Age at diagnosis | ||||
| Median, y (IQR) | 72 (66–79) | 0.520 | 73 (68–78) | 0.034 |
| PSA at ADT initiation | ||||
| Median, ng/mL (IQR) | 34.2 (10.7–112.0) | 0.021 | 35.6 (11.5–140.7) | 0.027 |
| Biopsy Gleason score at diagnosis, N (%) | ||||
| < 7 | 92 (25.8) | 0.004 | 103 (43.6) | 0.055 |
| 7 | 135 (37.9) | 49 (20.8) | ||
| > 7 | 129 (36.2) | 84 (35.6) | ||
| Clinical stage at diagnosis, N (%) | ||||
| T1/T2 | 112 (30.9) | 0.004 | 89 (37.2) | 0.081 |
| T3/T4/N1 | 118 (32.6) | 59 (24.7) | ||
| M1 | 132 (36.5) | 91 (38.1) | ||
| PSA nadir | ||||
| Median, ng/mL (IQR) | 0.14 (0.01–1.21) | < 0.001 | 0.28 (0.01–2.05) | 0.002 |
| Treatment modality, N (%) | ||||
| ADT as primary treatment | 153 (42.1) | < 0.001 | 117 (74.1) | 0.073 |
| ADT for post RP PSA failure | 44 (12.1) | 28 (11.7) | ||
| ADT for post RT PSA failure | 7 (1.9) | 11 (4.6) | ||
| Neoadjuvant/adjuvant ADT with RT | 114 (31.4) | 13 (5.4) | ||
| Others | 45 (12.4) | 10 (4.2) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; RP, radical prostatectomy; CI, confidence interval; ADT, androgen-deprivation therapy; RT, radiotherapy.
aP value was calculated by the log-rank test or Cox regression for disease progression.
bMedian follow-up time and 95% CIs were estimated with the reverse Kaplan-Meier method.