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. 2017 Aug 22;8(43):74320–74330. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.20382

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Copyright: © 2017 Tsai et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Effects of Melatonin on the activation of astrocytes (A) microglia (B) and white matter lesion (C) in mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Upper panels: are representative photomicrographs of immunostaining of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GAFA) in the paramedian parts of the corpus callosum. Density of GFAP-positive astrocytes; Scale bar = 200 um. Middle panels: are representative photomicrographs of immunostaining of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1)-positive microglial cells in the paramedian parts of the corpus callosum. Density of Iba-1-positive microglial cells; Scale bar = 100 um. Lower panel: Immunohistochemical (IHC) images (100×) illustrating white matter lesion (WML) of different severity reflected in the grading; Scale bars in right lower corner represent 200 µm. All statistical analyses using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test. SC = sham control; CHP = cerebral hypoperfusion; CHP-Mela = cerebral hypoperfusion with melatonin (10mg/kg/day,ip); CHP-Mela-Luz = cerebral hypoperfusion with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day,ip) and luzindole (30 mg/kg,ip).