Figure 8. Proposed model of the effect of fasting on STAT3 pathway during polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.

Fasting induces expression of autophagy-related Atg5 and LC3II/I of colon cancer, then downregulates the level of adenosine by suppressing CD73, which modulates M2 polarization of TAMs through inactivating JAK1/STAT3, and eventually inhibits tumor growth.