Table 1. Histological evaluation of mouse tongue in animals treated with nicotine, 4NQO or 4NQO plus nicotine.
| Group | Treatment | No. of animals | Normal | Hyperplasia | Dysplasia | Carcinoma in situ/OSCC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||||||
| 1 | Prx1+/+ a | 10 | 10 (100%) | |||||
| 2 | Prx1+/-b | 10 | 10 (100%) | |||||
| 3 | Prx1+/+ + nicotinec | 20 | 15 (75%) | 5 (25%) | ||||
| 4 | Prx1+/- + nicotine | 20 | 18 (90%) | 2 (10%) | ||||
| 5 | Prx1+/+ + 4NQOd | 20 | 2 (10%) | 11 (55%) | 2 (10%) | 4 (20%) | 1 (5%) | |
| 6 | Prx1+/- + 4NQO | 20 | 4 (20%) | 9 (45%) | 6 (30%) | 1 (5%) | ||
| 7 | Prx1+/+ + 4NQO + nicotinee | 20 | 1 (5%) | 6 (30%) | 3 (15%) | 5 (25%) | 5 (40%)f | |
| 8 | Prx1+/- + 4NQO + nicotine | 20 | 3 (15%) | 8 (40%) | 6 (30%) | 2 (10%)g | 1 (5%)g | |
a Wild-type C57BL/6 mouse.
b Prx1 knockout mouse.
c 5% nicotine smeared on tongue mucosa, 3 times per week.
d 50 μg/mL 4NQO smeared on tongue mucosa every day.
e Nicotine plus 4NQO treatment.
fP < 0.05 compared to Group 5.
gP < 0.05 compared to Group 7.