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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 20.
Published in final edited form as: Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2016 Jan;44(1):12–19. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000065

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Novel hypothesis by which exercise improves endothelial function in CKD. Impairments in L-arginine uptake are largely mediated by activation of PKCα resulting in decreased CAT-1 transport activity and internalization of CAT-1 to the cytosol. Exercise improves L-arginine transport activity in part by decreasing PKCα expression and preventing the decline in CAT-1 activity and/or membrane localization.