Fig. 3.

Hemodynamic effects of acute mechanical circulatory support devices on the left ventricle. Pressure–volume loops for each device. (A) IABP reduces LV afterload but does not unload the ventricle. (B) VA-ECMO increases the wall stress and afterload of the LV and does not unload without an LV vent.74 (C) The LA-FA bypass, or TandemHeart device, unloads the left atrium, thereby decreasing LV end-diastolic volumes but does not decrease end-diastolic pressure.75 (D) The Impella device unloads the LV by decreasing end-diastolic volume and pressure.75gr3