Figure 2.

MCS-pPES intranasal immunization significantly enhanced HSP65-specific bronchoalveolar lavage fluid SIgA induction. (A) Schematic diagram of the time course of animal immunization and challenge regimen. Mice were intranasally immunized with 4 doses of MCS- or CS-DNA. One dose of 10⁶ CFU BCG was subcutaneously injected into hind legs of mice. Levels and titers of HSP65-specific serum IgG (B,C) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid SIgA (D,E) were detected by ELISA assays. Data are representative of three independent experiments and presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001; ns, not significant.