Table 4.

Multiplex PCR microarray approaches for detection of GMO.

Multiplexing	Techniques	Methods	Target genes	Reference
2-plex	Dual Chip	Element-specific	p35S and tNOS pNOS/nptII	Hamels et al., 2009
	GMO	Construct-specific
3-plex	NAIMA	Element-specific	p35S MON810	Dobnik et al., 2010
		Event-specific
4-plex	Dual Chip GMO	Taxon-specific	IVR, LEC, and CRU	Milavec et al., 2014
8-plex	MQDA-PCR	Element-specific	p35S and tNOS Bt176,	Fraiture et al., 2015
		Event-specific	Bt11, and MON810
10-plex	PPLMD	Element-specific	p35S, pFMV, and	Prins et al., 2008
		Event-specific	bar MON1445, Bt176,
		Taxon-specific	and GTS40-3-2 HMG

p35S, 35 S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter; tNOS, nopaline synthase gene terminator; pNOS, nopaline synthase gene promoter; nptII, neomycin phosphotransferase II gene; IVR, invertase gene of corn; LEC, soybean lectin gene; CRU, cruciferin gene of colza; pFMV, promoter of the figwort mosaic virus gene; bar, phosphinothricin-N acetyltransferases gene of Streptomyces hygroscopicus; HMG, major high mobility group protein gene of corn.