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. 2017 Oct 17;5:65. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00065

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Copyright © 2017 Xie.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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An overview of metabolic pathways in Yarrowia lipolytica for synthesis of fatty acids from various substrates. Abbreviations: ACC1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1; ACL, ATP citrate lyase; ACS 2, acetyl-CoA synthetase 2; ACS I and ACS II, fatty acyl-CoA synthetase I and II, respectively; ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; C16E, C16/C18 elongase; D9D, D-9 desaturase; CYP450, cytochromes P450 enzyme; D12, D-12 desaturase; DAG, diacylglycerol; DGA1 and DGA2, DAG acyltransferase; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FAA1, fatty acyl-CoA synthetase; FALDH, fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase; FAO, fatty alcohol oxidase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; FAT1, long-chain fatty acid transporter 1; FFAs, free fatty acids; FK, fructose-kinase; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GA3P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; GPD1, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GUT1 and GUT2, glycerol kinase; GXf1, glucose/xylose facilitator; HK, hexokinase; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; LB, lipid bodies; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; ME1, malic enzyme 1; OAA, oxaloacetate; MFE1, peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme 1; PA, phosphatidic acid; PDAT, PL and DAG acyltransferase; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; Pex3 and Pex10, peroxisome biogenesis factor 3 and 10; 6PGD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; 6PGL enzyme, 6-phosphogluconolactonase; 6PGL intermediate, 6-phosphogluconolactone; PL, phospholipid; Pot1, peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase; Pox1~Pox6, acyl-CoA oxidases 1~6; PYC, pyruvate carboxylase; SUT1, sucrose transporter; TAG, triacylglycerol; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle; TesA, thioesterase I; TGL3 and TGL4, TAG lipase 3 and 4; THIOs, Acyl-CoA thioesterases; XDH, xylitol dehydrogenase; XK, xylulose kinase; XR, xylose reductase. Filled ovals: transport enzymes. Dash lines: multistep metabolic route. Thin line with arrows: metabolic route with a weaker activity.