Table 2.
Bivariate correlations among media variables, non-media variables, and EF.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) EF | - | |||||||||||||||||
| (2) Child’s age | 0.79** | - | ||||||||||||||||
| (3) Child’s gender | 0.04 | 0.10 | - | |||||||||||||||
| (4) Child’s vocabulary | 0.72** | 0.76** | 0.12 | - | ||||||||||||||
| (5) Maternal education | 0.03 | 0.11 | -0.04 | 0.22* | - | |||||||||||||
| (6) Family income | 0.14 | 0.20* | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.30** | - | ||||||||||||
| (7) Onset of TV viewing | 0.17 | 0.20* | -0.05 | 0.12 | 0.02 | -0.04 | - | |||||||||||
| (8) TV viewing time | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.02 | -0.08 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.20* | - | ||||||||||
| (9) Child channels viewing | 0.21* | 0.22* | -0.06 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.01 | -0.05 | 0.43** | - | |||||||||
| (10) Adult channels viewing | 0.11 | 0.05 | -0.12 | 0.08 | -0.05 | -0.07 | 0.03 | 0.22* | 0.17 | - | ||||||||
| (11) Action cartoons viewing | 0.16 | 0.22* | 0.24** | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.08 | -0.03 | 0.12 | 0.14 | -0.09 | - | |||||||
| (12) Classic cartoons viewing | 0.30** | 0.13 | -0.09 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.07 | -0.12 | 0.33** | 0.35** | 0.05 | 0.30** | - | ||||||
| (13) Live educational children’s programs viewing | 0.14 | -0.01 | -0.22* | -0.02 | 0.08 | -0.07 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.28** | 0.30** | 0.06 | 0.35** | - | |||||
| (14) Fast-paced cartoons viewing | 0.29** | 0.20* | 0.03 | 0.22* | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.07 | 0.39** | 0.55** | 0.18 | 0.23* | 0.38** | 0.25** | - | ||||
| (15) Educational cartoons viewing | 0.04 | -0.04 | -0.23* | -0.01 | 0.05 | -0.02 | -0.04 | 0.29** | 0.42** | 0.02 | -0.05 | 0.40** | 0.53** | 0.42** | - | |||
| (16) Situation comedies for children viewing | 0.24* | 0.24** | -0.15 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.25** | 0.36** | 0.29** | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.43** | 0.33** | 0.40** | - | ||
| (17) Restrictive approach | -0.16 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.13 | -0.15 | -0.05 | 0.01 | -0.11 | -0.13 | -0.01 | -0.14 | 0.07 | 0.02 | - | |
| (18) Coviewing approach | -0.07 | -0.13 | -0.10 | -0.17 | -0.16 | -0.19* | 0.13 | 0.02 | -0.07 | 0.00 | -0.05 | -0.06 | 0.11 | -0.03 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.33** | - |
| (19) Instructive approach | 0.13 | 0.04 | -0.02 | 0.02 | -0.16 | -0.03 | 0.09 | -0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.23* | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.21* | 0.16 | 0.38∗∗ |
∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01.