Table 3.

Summary of hierarchical regression analyses for non-media and media variables predicting children’s EF.

	Variables	B	SE	β	Unique R2	F change	Cohen f2
Model 1	Onset of TV viewing	0.31	0.30	0.06	0.02	3.60*	0.06
	TV viewing time	0.58	0.22	0.15**
Model 2	Child channels viewing	0.27	0.34	0.05	0.004	0.708	0.01
	Adult channels viewing	0.40	0.52	0.04
Model 3	Action cartoons viewing	-0.49	0.32	-0.09	0.07	4.42***	0.27
	Classic cartoons viewing	1.44	0.39	0.23***
	Live educational children’s programs viewing	0.62	0.33	0.12a
	Fast-paced cartoons viewing	0.23	0.32	0.04
	Educational cartoons viewing	-0.61	0.32	-0.13b
	Situation comedies for children viewing	0.42	0.38	0.07
Model 4	Restrictive approach	-1.16	0.38	-0.18**	0.03	3.85*	0.1
	Co-using approach	0.59	0.47	0.08
	Instructive approach	0.55	0.38	0.08

In each model child’s age, gender, vocabulary, maternal education and family income were as control variables entered in first step, R² = 0.67, p < 0.001. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^ap = 0.065, ^bp = 0.056.