Table 3.
Mortality percentage (MAM) of R. microplus engorged females, exposed to different concentrations of Citrus limonum and Piper nigrum, and effect reproductive index (RI), inhibition of oviposition (IO), and larvae hatching (LH).
| Concentration (%) | MAM (%) ± SE | RI ± SE | IO (%) | LH |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus limonum | ||||
| 10% | 100.0 ± 0.0a,b | 0.0 ± 0.0a,b | 100 | — |
| 5% | 94.4 ± 5.7a,b | 0.1 ± 0.1a,b | 81.6 | Without hatching |
| 2.5% | 52.8 ± 12.8a,b | 0.3 ± 0.1a,b | 35 | There was hatching |
| Piper nigrum | ||||
| 10% | 81.7 ± 6.7a,b | 0.0 ± 0.0a,b | 96 | Without hatching |
| 5% | 59.4 ± 9.4a,b | 0.1 ± 0.0a,b | 83 | There was hatching |
| 2.5% | 36.1 ± 3.9a | 0.2 ± 0.0a,b | 50 | There was hatching |
| C. limonum + P. nigrum | ||||
| 10% | 100.0 ± 0.0a,b | 0.0 ± 0.0a,b | 100 | — |
| 5% | 90.0 ± 10.0a,b | 0.0 ± 0.0a,b | 94 | Without hatching |
| 2.5% | 55.6 ± 9.0a,b | 0.1 ± 0.0a,b | 67 | There was hatching |
| Amitraz (2 µL/mL) | 27.8 ± 7.9a | 0.0a,b | 100 | — |
| Deltamethrin (1 µL/mL) | 57.8 ± 9.0a,b | 0.0a,b | 100 | — |
| DMSO 2% | 16.7 ± 3.4 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0 | There was hatching |
| Water | 3.3 ± 3.3 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0 | There was hatching |
MAM: mean % adult mortality within 16 days, SE: standard error, RI: reproductive index, IO: (%) percent inhibition of oviposition, and LH: Larvae hatching after females treatment. aSignificant difference in relation to the negative control (water). bSignificant difference in relation to the negative control (2% DMSO) (ANOVA one way p = <0.0001).