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. 2017 Oct 17;8:141. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00141

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Copyright © 2017 Shah, Rehman, Akhtar, Daur, Nawaz, Ahmad, Rana, Atif, Yang and Chung.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Systematic model showing the operational hierarchy of signaling pathways in wheat leaf cells that counter the effects of drought stress. () Indicating ABA mediated signaling pathway for protein synthesis, () Indicating Ca²⁺ mediated signaling pathway for protein synthesis, (→) Indicating systematic changes involved in ROS production and scavenging pathway. PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; HPUFA, hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Fe-SOD, Fe-superoxide dismutase; CC-GNs, CC type glutaredoxins; TNs, thioredoxins; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; MDAR, monodehydroascorbate reductase; POXN, peroxiredoxin; SnRPKs, SNF1-related protein kinases; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; RC, regulatory component; PP2Os, Phosphatases type-2C; TFs, transcription factors.

Inline graphic — Systematic model showing the operational hierarchy of signaling pathways in wheat leaf cells that counter the effects of drought stress. () Indicating ABA mediated signaling pathway for protein synthesis, () Indicating Ca²⁺ mediated signaling pathway for protein synthesis, (→) Indicating systematic changes involved in ROS production and scavenging pathway. PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; HPUFA, hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Fe-SOD, Fe-superoxide dismutase; CC-GNs, CC type glutaredoxins; TNs, thioredoxins; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; MDAR, monodehydroascorbate reductase; POXN, peroxiredoxin; SnRPKs, SNF1-related protein kinases; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; RC, regulatory component; PP2Os, Phosphatases type-2C; TFs, transcription factors.