Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016 Oct 14;153(3):690–699.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.003

Figure 4. Funnel Plot of Prolonged Air Leak Rate of Operating Surgeons by Case Volume.

Figure 4

Figure 4

95% and 99% control limits derived as follows: (θ± z*Sqrt(θ(1- θ)/p), where z is the z-score, θ the study’s average PAL rate, and p the total cases of individual surgeons.