Figure 2. Adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios of ESRD associated with 10% decrease of (A) percent-predicted FVC and (B) FEV₁/FVC in predefined subgroups.

Data are adjusted for age, sex, race, education levels, height, known cardiovascular and kidney risk factors (i.e., diabetes, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, history of cardiovascular disease, smoking status, cigarette-years of smoking, body mass index, eGFR, and total and HDL cholesterol), and inflammatory marker (i.e., white blood cell count).

Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second of expiration; FVC, forced vital capacity