Table 3.

Adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios for incident ESRD by lung function patterns

	Lung function pattern
	High normal	Low normal	Obstructive	Restrictive	Mixed
No. of Participants	4,276	6,627	2,822	716	505
Events	91 (2.1%)	230 (3.5%)	101 (3.6%)	69 (9.6%)	35 (6.9%)
Incidence ratea	0.94 (0.77–1.16)a	1.63 (1.43–1.85)a	1.82 (1.49–2.21)a	5.39 (4.25–6.82)a	4.57 (3.28–6.36)a
Model 1	1.00 (reference)	1.52 (1.19–1.94)	1.72 (1.28–2.30)	3.91 (2.84–5.38)	3.91 (2.63–5.83)
Model 2	1.00 (reference)	1.23 (0.96–1.57)	1.50 (1.11–2.03)	2.09 (1.51–2.89)	2.33 (1.54–3.53)
Model 3	1.00 (reference)	1.21 (0.94–1.55)	1.47 (1.09–1.99)	2.03 (1.47–2.81)	2.28 (1.50–3.45)

Note: n=14,946. Unless otherwise indicated, values are given as number (percentage) or hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). M model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, race, education levels, and height; model 2 is adjusted for the variables in model 1 plus known cardiovascular and kidney risk factors (i.e., diabetes, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, history of cardiovascular disease, smoking status, cigarette-years of smoking, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and model 3 is adjusted for the variables in model 2 plus inflammatory marker (i.e., white blood cell count). Models accounted for the competing risk of death using cause-specific hazards models by treating death as censoring.

^aUnadjusted incidence rate (95% confidence interval) per 1000 person-years.

Abbreviation: ESRD, end-stage renal disease