Table 2. Adjusted association between patient characteristics and nephrology care.

	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age group
21-64 y	1.00 (reference)
65-74 y	0.80 (0.74-0.85)
≥75 y	0.40	0.38-0.42
Male Sex	1.29	1.12-1.48
Race
White	1.00 (reference)
Black	1.81	1.70-1.93
Other	1.10	1.02-1.20
Married (vs other)	1.05	1.01-1.10
Urban residence (vs other)	1.07	1.00-1.14
Copay (vs no copay)	0.90	0.85-0.95
Zip code median annual income
<$35,000	1.00 (reference)
$35,000-<$50,000	1.03	0.96-1.10
$50,000-<$65,000	1.06	0.99-1.14
≥$65,000	1.06	0.98-1.15
Facility complexity
Low	1.00 (reference)
Mid	1.56	1.41-1.72
High	1.47	1.35-1.61
Prior hospitalization	1.07	1.02-1.13
Visits to non-nephrology provider
0	1.00 (reference)
1-2	1.10	1.00-1.20
3-4	1.16	1.06-1.27
≥5	1.68	1.55-1.83
Comorbidities
Diabetes	1.14	1.09-1.20
Myocardial infarction	0.96	0.87-1.05
Congestive heart failure	0.90	0.86-0.95
Peripheral vascular disease	1.14	1.08-1.21
Dementia	0.71	0.65-0.79
Cerebrovascular disease	1.00	0.94-1.06
Chronic liver disease	1.00	0.89-1.14
Cancer	0.98	0.92-1.03
Depression	0.92	0.86-0.99
PTSD	0.94	0.86-1.05
eGFR trajectory
Improvement	1.00 (reference)
Decline < 10 ml/min/ 1.73m2 per y	0.81	0.77-0.85
Decline ≥10 ml/min/ 1.73m2 per y	0.36	0.34-0.38
Missing or time lapse <30 d	0.16	0.14-0.19

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ESRD – end-stage renal disease, PTSD – post traumatic stress disorder, eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; OR, odds ratio

^*adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, place of residence, copay status, zip code median income, facility complexity, prior hospitalization, visits to non-nephrology Department of Veterans Affairs provider, diabetes, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease, cancer, depression and PTSD, trajectory of kidney function