Table 3.
Association between kidney function measures with MRI volumetric measures
| Outcome | Predictor | Model | AA-DHS MIND | ACCORD MIND | Meta-analysis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | SE | P | Parameter | SE | P | Parameter | SE | P | I2 | |||
| GMV (cm3) | UACR | 1 | −4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 3.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.5 | −4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 0.7 |
| GMV (cm3) | UACR | 2 | −4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 5.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.2 | −3.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 0.79 |
| GMV (cm3) | UACR | 3 | −4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 5.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.2 | −3.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.01 | 0.78 |
| GMV (cm3) | UACR | 4 | −3.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.01 | 5.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.2 | −2.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
| GMV (cm3) | eGFR | 1 | 5.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.01 | 3.0×10−6 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.9 | 5.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.02 | 0 |
| GMV (cm3) | eGFR | 2 | 6.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | 3.0×10−4 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.9 | 5.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.01 | 0 |
| GMV (cm3) | eGFR | 3; 5 | 6.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.01 | 1.0×10−4 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.9 | 5.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.02 | 0 |
| GMV (cm3) | eGFR | 5 | 4.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.07 | 6.0×10−4 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.9 | 4.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.08 | 0 |
| WMV (cm3) | UACR | 1 | −3.0×10−5 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.8 | −3.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.5 | −5.0×10−5 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.6 | 0 |
| WMV(cm3) | UACR | 2 | −5.0×10−6 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.9 | −4.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.3 | −4.0×10−5 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| WMV (cm3) | UACR | 3 | 4.0×10−5 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.8 | −5.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.3 | −8.0×10−6 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.9 | 0.31 |
| WMV (cm3) | UACR | 4 | 2.0×10−5 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.9 | −4.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.3 | −2.0×10−5 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.8 | 0.20 |
| WMV (cm3) | eGFR | 1 | −4.0×10−4 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.9 | 3.0×10−3 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.6 | 1.0×10−4 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.9 | 0 |
| WMV (cm3) | eGFR | 2 | −7.0×10−5 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.9 | 3.0×10−3 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.6 | 3.0×10−4 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.9 | 0 |
| WMV (cm3) | eGFR | 3; 5 | −1.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.6 | 3.0×10−3 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.6 | −7.0×10−4 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.8 | 0 |
| WMV (cm3) | eGFR | 5 | −1.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.6 | 3.0×10−3 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.6 | −7.0×10−4 | 2.0×10−3 | 0.8 | 0 |
| WMLV (cm3) | UACR | 1 | 4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 1.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.8 | 4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 0 |
| WMLV (cm3) | UACR | 2 | 4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 1.0×10−4 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.8 | 4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 0 |
| WMLV (cm3) | UACR | 3 | 4.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | −1.0×10−5 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.9 | 3.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | <0.001 | 0 |
| WMLV (cm3) | UACR | 4 | 3.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.04 | −3.0×10−5 | 4.0×10−4 | 0.9 | 2.0×10−4 | 1.0×10−4 | 0.05 | 0 |
| WMLV (cm3) | eGFR | 1 | −8.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | −5.0×10−3 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.4 | −8.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | 0 |
| WMLV (cm3) | eGFR | 2 | −8.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | −4.0×10−3 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.6 | −8.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | 0 |
| WMLV (cm3) | eGFR | 3; 5 | −8.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | −4.0×10−3 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.5 | −8.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | 0 |
| WMLV (cm3) | eGFR | 5 | −7.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | −4.0×10−3 | 6.0×10−3 | 0.5 | −6.0×10−3 | 2.0×10−3 | <0.001 | 0 |
Note: Model 1 covariates: MRI scanner, total intracranial volume (AA-DHS) or total brain volume (ACCORD), age and sex; Model 2 covariates: Model 1 + level of education, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, and hypertension; Model 3 covariates: Model 2 + diabetes duration, smoking status, history of cardiovascular disease; Model 4 covariates: Model 3 + eGFR; Model 5 covariates: Model 3 + UACR
SE – standard error; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (in ml/min/1.73m2); GMV, gray matter volume UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio (in mg/g); WMV, white matter volume; WMLV, white matter lesion volume; AA-DHS, African American–Diabetes Heart Study; MIND, Memory in Diabetes; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ACCORD, Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes.