Table 3.
Change in other health outcomes from the start to the end of the study, for intervention and control groups (pp = percentage point; headings refer to the theoretical framework shown in webannex, Fig. 2).
| Overall |
Kin-réseau |
MoPoTsyo |
FildCare |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DSME + DSMS (S) | DSME-only (E) | p, H0: ΔS = ΔE | DSME + DSMS (S) | DSME-only (E) | p, H0: ΔS = ΔE | DSME + DSMS (S) | DSME-only (E) | p, H0: ΔS = ΔE | DSME + DSMS (S) | DSME-only (E) | p, H0: ΔS = ΔE | |
| p(H0:start = end) | p(H0:start = end) | p(H0:start = end) | p(H0:start = end) | p(H0:start = end) | p(H0:start = end) | p(H0:start = end) | p(H0:start = end) | |||||
| Other health outcomes | ||||||||||||
| Change in BMI, mean ± sd | +0.0 ± 1.9, p = 0.92 | +0.0 ± 2.4, p = 0.82 | 0.9 | +0.3 ± 2.0, p = 0.85 | +0.3 ± 2.7, p = 0.91 | 0.9 | −0.1 ± 1.2, p = 0.70 | −0.2 ± 1.6, p = 0.48 | 0.5 | −0.1 ± 3.7, p = 0.87 | +0.3 ± 4.1, p = 0.85 | 0.6 |
| Change in waist circumference, mean ± sd | +3 ± 8, p = 0.00* | +2 ± 8, p = 0.00* | 0.2 | +4 ± 9, p = 0.00* | +3 ± 9, p = 0.01* | 0.4 | +2 ± 5, p = 0.07 | +1 ± 5, p = 0.14 | 0.4 | +6 ± 12, p = 0.02 | +4 ± 15, p = 0.11 | 0.7 |
| Change waist hip ratio, mean ± sd | 0.00 ± 0.08, p = 0.39 | 0.00 ± 0.10, p = 0.22 | 0.7 | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 0.9 | +0.01 ± 0.05 | +0.01 ± 0.05 | 0.5 | +0.01 ± 0.08 | +0.01 ± 0.12 | 1 |
| Change in systolic blood pressure mean ± sd | +1 ± 24, p = 0.03* | +2 ± 26, p = 0.00* | 0.6 | 0 ± 27, p = 0.99 | +2 ± 30, p = 0.57 | 0.5 | +5 ± 17, p = 0.01* | +5 ± 18, p = 0.02* | 0.9 | −9 ± 32, p = 0.14 | −7 ± 33, p = 0.24 | 0.7 |
| Change in diastolic blood pressure | −4 ± 14, p = 0.00* | −3 ± 13, p = 0.00* | 0.5 | −4 ± 16, p = 0.03* | −3 ± 15, p = 0.04* | 0.8 | −2 ± 10, p = 0.02* | −2 ± 10, p = 0.01* | 0.9 | −10 ± 19, p = 0.00* | −5 ± 17, p = 0.11 | 0.2 |
| Change in people with foot wound, pp | −3.5%, p = 0.02* | −1.3%, p = 0.38 | 0.1 | −9.0%, p = 0.01 | −3.9%, p = 0.21 | 0.1 | +0.5%, p = 0.65 | +0.5%, p = 0.65 | 0.96 | −2.3%, p = 0.64 | 0.0%, p = 1 | 0.33 |
| Utilisation of care | ||||||||||||
| Change in number of contacts with educator (last year), median (IQR) | −2 (−9; +2), p = 0.00* | −2 (−9; +2), p = 0.00* | 0.7 | 0 (−8; +6), p = 0.96 | 0 (−12; +4), p = 0.98 | 0.8 | −4 (−9; 0), p = 0.00* | −3 (−9; 0), p = 0.00* | 0.5 | −2 (−8; 0), p = 0.00* | −1 (−3; 0), p = 0.00* | 0.3 |
| Change in direct health expenditure (USD), median (IQR) | +0.50 (−3.14; +4.31), p = 0.39 | +0.25 (−3.81; +3.52), p = 0.04* | 0.2 | −0.76 (−6.83; 7.02), p = 0.45 | −2.01 (−8.17; +3.81), p = 0.01* | 0.2 | +0.75 (−0.88; +3.02), p = 0.00* | +0.75 (−0.63; +3.02), p = 0.06 | 0.8 | −11.59 (−23.18; +44.83), p = 0.00* | −11.59 (−42.88; +40.56), p = 0.00* | 0.5 |
| Change in direct non-medical health expenditure, median (IQR) | 0 (−3.27; +1.76), p = 0.39 | 0 (−3.27; +1.51), p = 0.01* | 0.9 | −7.08 (−47.92; 3.22), p = 0.25 | −6.29 (−38.06; 3.81), p = 0.87 | 0.7 | 0 (−1.26; +1.26), p = 0.43 | 0 (−1.26; +1.26), p = 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.00 (−8.11; +0.00) (n = 10) | −9.73 (−16.22; −8.81) (n = 7) | 0.01* |
| Patient knowledge & perceptions | ||||||||||||
| Change in correct diab knowledge, mean | +0.3 ± 4.0, p = 0.16 | +0.7 ± 4.3,p = 0.00* | 0.2 | +0.3 ± 5.2 p = 0.53 | +0.4 ± 4.3, p = 0.33 | 0.8 | +1.0 ± 2.92, p = 0.00* | +1.4 ± 2.98, p = 0.00* | 0.3 | −2.7 ± 5.2, p = 0.00* | −1.4 ± 6.1, p = 0.11* | 0.3 |
| Change in feeling of control, mean | 0.3 ± 3.2, p = 0.35 | +0.2 ± 3.4, p = 0.46 | 0.8 | −0.2 ± 3.4, p = 0.36 | −0.7 ± 3.0, p = 0.06 | 0.3 | 0.3 ± 2.6, p = 0.31 | +0.1 ± 2.9, p = 0.70 | 0.6 | +2.0 ± 4.7, p = 0.00* | +3.6 ± 4.5, p = 0.00* | 0.1 |
| Change in positive attitude, mean | +0.3 ± 3.8, p = 0.11 | 0.0 ± 4.1, p = 0.94 | 0.2 | +0.3 ± 4.2, p = 0.48 | −0.5 ± 4.3, p = 0.14 | 0.1 | −0.1 ± 3.1, p = 0.63 | 0 ± 3.5, p = 0.95 | 0.7 | +2.5 ± 4.5, p = 0.00* | 1.8 ± 5.1, p = 0.02* | 0.5 |
| Change in negative attitude, mean | −1.8 ± 6.4, p = 0.00* | −1.3 ± 6.5, p = 0.00* | 0.3 | −3.1 ± 6.3, p = 0.00* | −2.1 ± 6.2, p = 0.00* | 0.2 | +0.2 ± 5.6, p = 0.65 | +0.7 ± 5.7, p = 0.13 | 0.4 | −6.6 ± 6.5, p = 0.00* | −7.1 ± 6.7, p = 0.00* | 0.8 |
| Self-management behaviour | ||||||||||||
| Change in people self-monitoring, pp | −15.0%, p = 0.00* | −10.4%, p = 0.00* | 0.1 | +3.4%, p = 0.50 | +5.5%, p = 0.27 | 0.4 | −31.3%, p = 0.00* | −28.3%, p = 0.00* | 0.51 | −8.7%, p = 0.38 | +9.2%, p = 0.38 | 0.94 |
| Indicators about the routine programme | ||||||||||||
| Change in people on insulin treatment, pp | +7.4%, p = 0.01* | +11.2%, p = 0.00* | 0.1 | +20.3%, p = 0.00* | +18.6%, p = 0.00* | 0.7 | +0.2%, p = 0.93 | +6.7, p = 0.06 | 0.00* | 1.4%, p = 0.84 | +2.5%, p = 0.69 | 0.7 |
| Change in people on antihypertensive treatment, pp | +15.8%, p = 0.00* | +10.4%, p = 0.00* | 0.03* | +22.2%, p = 0.00* | +13.9%, p = 0.02* | 0.1 | +16.3%, p = 0.00* | +8.0%, p = 0.13 | 0.02* | −10.5%, p = 0.29 | +8.8%, p = 0.43 | 0.2 |
| Change in PACIC, mean | −6.3 ± 12.8, p = 0.00* | −6.3 ± 18.8, p = 0.00* | 1 | −2.6 ± 12.8, p = 0.01* | −1.8 ± 12.2, p = 0.07 | 0.6 | −7.2 ± 10.5, p = 0.00* | −7.8 ± 11.8, p = 0.00* | 0.6 | −15.1 ± 18.0, p = 0.00* | 16.2 ± 21.5, p = 0.00* | 0.8 |