Fig. 4.

Brain and circulatory nutrient levels in AD versus cognitively intact elderly controls. Summary of the circulatory (top panel) and brain (lower panel) nutrient status of AD patients (including [1] current meta-analyses; [2] previous meta-analyses results from Lopes da Silva et al. [15]; [3] recent meta-analyses for circulatory and brain iron Tao et al. [140]; [4] recent meta-analysis for circulatory magnesium Veronese et al. [141]; [5] recent meta-analysis for circulatory zinc Ventriglia et al. [142]; [6] recent meta-analysis for brain copper Schrag et al. [143] status; respectively presented as numbers above the bars). Data are represented as the weighted average percentage of controls ± standard error of the mean. *Indicates statistical significance; # indicates trend for significance; ns indicates nonsignificance; nd indicates not determined with meta-analysis. Abbreviation: AD, Alzheimer's disease.