Table 3.

Sensitivity analysis of serum antioxidant levels by MMSE score in Alzheimer's disease cases only

Antioxidant	Adjusted estimate∗	95% confidence intervals	P-value
Retinol (μmol/L)	−0.001	−0.014, 0.012	.93
γ-Tocopherol (μmol/L)	0.019	−0.041, 0.079	.53
α-Tocopherol (μmol/L)	0.037	−0.089, 0.163	.56
Lutein (mmol/L)	0.765	0.098, 1.433	.03
Zeaxanthin (mmol/L)	0.102	−0.043, 0.246	.17
β-Cryptoxanthin (mmol/L)	0.101	−0.165, 0.367	.45
α-Carotene (mmol/L)	0.083	−0.354, 0.520	.71
β-Carotene (mmol/L)	1.492	−0.532, 3.516	.15
Lycopene (μmol/L)	0.001	−0.008, 0.009	.92

Abbreviation: MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination.

^∗The average increase in each serum antioxidant level per unit increase in MMSE score. Adjusted for age (years), number of APOE ε4 alleles, smoking (pack-years), systolic blood pressure, education (leaving school before 14 years).