Table 2.
Studies investigating resting state connectivity strength in motor networks in MS compared to age and gender matched controls. Also shown are correlations between resting state outcomes and symptom severity assessments (e.g. EDSS, balance outcomes, etc.).
| Study | Cohort |
EDSS | Increases in connectivity | Decreases in connectivity | Correlations with behavior | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | CIS | RR | SP | PP | |||||
| (Roosendaal et al., 2010) | 41 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 (2–3.5) | No group differences observed in motor regions (RMSS compared to HC) | Not analyzed | |
| 41 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1–2.6) | More connectivity in motor networks in CIS compared to controls and people with RMSS | Not analyzed | ||
| (Fling et al., 2015) | 14 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 4 (2–4) | Less motor cortex connectivity with cerebellum and striatum in PwMS | More cortico-cerebellar connectivity predicted better balance | |
| (Janssen et al., 2013) | 28 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 (1.2) | Less sensorimotor network connectivity in PwMS | More connectivity within the sensorimotor network predicted better EDSS | |
| (Liu et al., 2012) | 35 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 (1–6) | No group differences observed in motor regions | More connectivity in the right insula & superior temporal gyrus predicted better EDSS | |
| (Richiardi et al., 2012) | 14 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | (1.5–2) | Less sensorimotor network connectivity in PwMS | Not analyzed | |
| (Dogonowski et al., 2013b) | 30 | 0 | 27 | 15 | 0 | 4.3 (0–7) | More connectivity in the right basal ganglia in PwMS | Not analyzed | |
| (Dogonowski et al., 2013a) | 30 | 0 | 27 | 15 | 0 | 4.3 (0–7) | No group differences observed in motor regions | More connectivity in the left premotor cortex predicted worse motor function | |
| (Dogonowski et al., 2014) | 30 | 0 | 27 | 15 | 0 | 4.3 (0–7) | Less local cerebellar connectivity in PwMS | More local cerebellar connectivity predicted better EDSS | |
| (Faivre et al., 2012) | 14 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 (0–3) | More sensorimotor network connectivity in PwMS | More fronto-parietal network connectivity predicted better MSFI | |
| (Sbardella et al., 2015c) | 24 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 (0–4) | Less cerebellar, basal ganglia, sensorimotor network connectivity in PwMS | More connectivity was related to information processing, but not motor performance. | |
| (Rocca et al., 2012) | 40 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 (0–6) | Less connectivity within sensorimotor I and between sensorimotor I and working memory network in PwMS | More connectivity within non-motor networks predicted better EDSS score (EDSS not correlated to sensorimotor network connectivity) | |
| (Rocca et al., 2017)a | 98 | 13 | 119 | 41 | 13 | 2.0 (0–8.5) | Less connectivity in motor networks including sensorimotor and cerebellar | More connectivity in sensorimotor network predicted better cerebellar functional score of the EDSS | |
RR – relapsing remitting, SP – secondary progressive, PP – primary progressive; CIS – clinically isolated syndrome, HC – healthy controls, EDSS – expanded disability status scale, PASAT – paced auditory serial addition test; MSFI—multiple sclerosis functional index; SDMT – symbol digit modality test.
a
Also included 29 people with benign MS.