Figure 2.

Spontaneous action potentials and glutamate induced series of action potentials in Helianthus annuus seedlings under osmotic and salt stresses. (A) Helianthus annuus seedlings, electrode arrangement (1, 2, ref—reference electrode) and site of glutamate injection (i). (B) Example of recordings of spontaneous action potentials during 1 day (also shown in Supplementary Video S2). In the parentheses, the time of SAP appearing. (C) Example of recordings of acropetally and basipetally propagating spontaneous action potentials. (D) Example of recordings of action potential series after glutamate (Glu) injection into the hypocotyl base of seedlings growing under 80 mM KCl (upper) as well as 160 mM NaCl nutrient solutions (lower). Data details are presented in Tables 1, 2.