Table 2.

Summaries on the effects of E2 treatment on cognitive performance of PCa patients who are on ADT. Categories were from McGinty et al. [4]. The three studies were longitudinal studies. Two studies [76, 77] were double blind RCTs, but one study [75] was not a blinded and treatment assignment was not randomized. More details can be found in Supplementary Table 2.

Cognitive Domain Tested (Test used)	Studies	Effects of E2 Treatment
Attention and working memory
Trail making test A	[77] [75]	↑ 0
Digit span	[77]	0
Digit symbol test (WAIS-III)	[76]	0
Letter-number sequencing task	[76]	0
Subject-ordered pointing	[75]	0
Executive function
Stroop test	[77]	↑
Trail making test B	[77] [75]	0 0
Language
Controlled oral word association test	[77]	0
Verbal fluency test	[76]	0
Verbal memory
Logical memory task (WMS-R)	[76] [75]	< ADT group ↑
Verbal paired associates (WMS-R)	[76]	0
Rey auditory verbal learning test	[77]	0
Visual memory
Benton visual retention test	[77]	0
Visuomotor skill
Digit symbol test	[76]	0
Block design	[76]	0
Paper folding	[76]	0
Visuospatial ability
Mental rotation test	[76]	0

↑↓ = Significantly improved or worse performance at follow-up visit. ADT group = patients on ADT but do not receive E2. RCT = Randomized controlled trial. WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition. WMS-R = Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised.