Fig. 6.

Antihypertrophic effects of mitochondrial ATP modulators in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. (a) Representative images of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes stimulated without (upper image) or with 10 nM human endothelin 1 (ET-1, lower image) for 18 h and stained with antibodies against proBNP (red); nuclei are in blue. Scale bar, 50 μm. (b) Gene expression levels of known ivermectin targets by AmpliSeq analysis in iPSC cardiomyocytes (untreated). Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 4 biologically independent samples). CPM, counts per million. (c and d) (c) Quantified proBNP intensities (arbitrary unit, a.u.) and (d) RT-qPCR of the canonical hypertrophy marker BNP normalized to 18S in iPSC cardiomyocytes untreated (white bar), or treated with vehicle, ivermectin (3 μM), importazole (10 μM), IPA-3 (10 μM), or verapamil (1 μM) in the presence of ET-1, is shown. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 4 biologically independent samples). ^⁎p < 0.05, ^⁎⁎⁎p < 0.001 vs. vehicle (ET-1 alone) by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple-comparison test.