Figure 1.

Quantification of IDO-1/2 and TGF-β1/2 mRNA in immortalized biliary epithelial cells. Cells were treated with IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) for 6 and 24 h. RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared. mRNA for target genes was normalized to GAPDH and compared to unstimulated cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Data are presented as the mean of the results of three individual experiments; error bars indicate standard deviation. ***P<0.05 vs. 6 h IFN, **P<0.05 vs. 6 h IFN, *P<0.01 vs. 6 h IFN. IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; IFN-γ, interferon-γ.