Table 3.
Individual-level exposures only | Individual-level exposures and neighbourhood-level income | Individual-level exposures and neighbourhood-level marital status | |||||||
OR | 95% CI lower limit | 95% CI upper limit | OR | 95% CI lower limit | 95% CI upper limit | OR | 95% CI lower limit | 95% CI upper limit | |
Individual-level fixed effects | |||||||||
Age 35–49 | 0.75 | 0.55 | 1.01 | 0.75 | 0.56 | 1.02 | 0.77 | 0.57 | 1.05 |
Age 50–64 | 1.35 | 0.87 | 2.09 | 1.36 | 0.88 | 2.10 | 1.40 | 0.91 | 2.17 |
Age 65+ | 0.90 | 0.53 | 1.53 | 0.90 | 0.53 | 1.53 | 0.93 | 0.55 | 1.58 |
Female | 1.19 | 0.92 | 1.53 | 1.19 | 0.92 | 1.53 | 1.18 | 0.92 | 1.53 |
Ratio of individual income to city income | 1.05* | 1.02 | 1.09 | 1.05* | 1.02 | 1.09 | 1.05* | 1.02 | 1.09 |
In top 50% of country-level education | 1.28 | 0.97 | 1.69 | 1.26 | 0.95 | 1.69 | 1.27 | 0.96 | 1.68 |
Married | 0.75 | 0.56 | 1.02 | 0.75 | 0.56 | 1.02 | 0.79 | 0.57 | 1.09 |
Migrant to megacity | 1.11 | 0.77 | 1.60 | 1.11 | 0.77 | 1.61 | 1.09 | 0.75 | 1.57 |
Unemployed | 1.49 | 0.77 | 2.89 | 1.50 | 0.78 | 2.91 | 1.57 | 0.80 | 3.06 |
Neighbourhood-level fixed effects | |||||||||
Ratio of neighbourhood income to city income | 1.07 | 0.82 | 1.40 | ||||||
Percent married in neighbourhood | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | ||||||
Random effects | Variance estimate | Zero G test Χ2 | p Value | Variance estimate | Zero G test Χ2 | p Value | Variance estimate | Zero G test Χ2 | p Value |
Intercept | 0.07 | 2.35 | 0.063 | 0.07 | 2.28 | 0.065 | 0.06 | 1.60 | 0.103 |
* =p<0.05.
†Internalising disorders include anxiety (post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, adult separation anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder) and mood (major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and bipolar/subthreshold bipolar) disorders.
‡Models include the above variables as well as fixed effects for city and for having a missing (‘do not know’ or refused) value on individual unemployment.