Table 5.
Individual-level exposures only | Individual-level exposures and neighbourhood-level income | Individual-level exposures and neighbourhood-level marital status | |||||||
OR | 95% CI lower limit | 95% CI upper limit | OR | 95% CI lower limit | 95% CI upper limit | OR | 95% CI lower limit | 95% CI upper limit | |
Individual-level fixed effects | |||||||||
Age 35–49 | 0.66* | 0.44 | 0.98 | 0.66* | 0.44 | 0.98 | 0.69 | 0.47 | 1.03 |
Age 50–64 | 1.27 | 0.73 | 2.19 | 1.27 | 0.73 | 2.19 | 1.34 | 0.77 | 2.32 |
Age 65+ | 0.59 | 0.28 | 1.23 | 0.59 | 0.28 | 1.23 | 0.61 | 0.29 | 1.29 |
Female | 1.17 | 0.83 | 1.65 | 1.17 | 0.83 | 1.65 | 1.16 | 0.82 | 1.63 |
Ratio of individual income to city income | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.08 |
In top 50% of country-level education | 1.44 | 0.97 | 2.13 | 1.44 | 0.96 | 2.17 | 1.42 | 0.96 | 2.10 |
Married | 0.83 | 0.56 | 1.23 | 0.83 | 0.56 | 1.23 | 0.88 | 0.58 | 1.35 |
Migrant to megacity | 1.33 | 0.81 | 2.16 | 1.32 | 0.81 | 2.15 | 1.29 | 0.78 | 2.11 |
Unemployed | 1.44 | 0.87 | 2.37 | 1.43 | 0.87 | 2.36 | 1.54 | 0.92 | 2.59 |
Neighbourhood-level fixed effects | |||||||||
Ratio of neighbourhood income to city income | 0.97 | 0.70 | 1.35 | ||||||
Percent married in neighbourhood | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | ||||||
Random effects | Variance estimate | Zero G test χ2 | p Value | Variance estimate | Zero G test χ2 | p Value | Variance estimate | Zero G test χ2 | p Value |
Intercept | 0.15 | 5.99* | 0.007 | 0.15 | 5.88* | 0.008 | 0.13 | 4.18* | 0.021 |
* =p<0.05.
†Internalising disorders include anxiety (post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, adult separation anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder) and mood (major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and bipolar/subthreshold bipolar) disorders.
‡Models include the above variables as well as fixed effects for city and for having a missing (‘do not know’ or refused) value on individual unemployment.