Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study subjects by frequency of alcohol intake in never/former and current smokers, the Singapore Chinese Health Study 1993–2014
| Baseline characteristics | Alcohol intake of never/former smokers (n=48 869) | Alcohol intake of current smokers (n=11 376) | ||||||
| Non-drinker | Monthly | Weekly | Daily | Non-drinker | Monthly | Weekly | Daily | |
| No. of subjects (%) | 41 485 (84.9) | 3234 (6.6) | 3198 (6.5) | 952 (1.9) | 7565 (66.5) | 1095 (9.6) | 1638 (14.4) | 1078 (9.5) |
| Mean (SD) age at recruitment, years | 56.4±8.1 | 54.6±7.6 | 54.6±7.5 | 56.4±8.0 | 58.3±7.9 | 55.4±7.7 | 55.1±7.5 | 56.0±7.3 |
| Mean (SD) body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3±3.3 | 23.3±3.2 | 23.3±3.1 | 23.1±3.1 | 22.7±3.2 | 22.7±3.4 | 22.7±3.3 | 21.8±3.0 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Men | 12 078 (29.1) | 1775 (54.9) | 2166 (67.7) | 642 (67.4) | 5734 (75.8) | 978 (89.3) | 1541 (94.1) | 1000 (92.8) |
| Women | 29 407 (70.9) | 1459 (45.1) | 1032 (32.3) | 310 (32.6) | 1831 (24.2) | 117 (10.7) | 97 (5.9) | 78 (7.2) |
| Dialect group | ||||||||
| Cantonese | 19 735 (47.6) | 1789 (55.3) | 1723 (53.9) | 446 (46.9) | 2770 (36.6) | 443 (40.5) | 656 (40.1) | 415 (38.5) |
| Hokkien | 21 750 (52.4) | 1445 (44.7) | 1475 (46.1) | 506 (53.2) | 4795 (63.4) | 652 (59.5) | 982 (60.0) | 663 (61.5) |
| Level of education | ||||||||
| No formal education | 12 670 (30.5) | 507 (15.7) | 498 (15.6) | 205 (21.5) | 2117 (28.0) | 153 (14.0) | 250 (15.3) | 210 (19.5) |
| Primary school | 17 294 (41.7) | 1379 (42.6) | 1458 (45.6) | 451 (47.4) | 3845 (50.8) | 587 (53.6) | 886 (54.1) | 616 (57.1) |
| Secondary school or above | 11 521 (27.8) | 1348 (41.7) | 1242 (38.8) | 296 (31.1) | 1603 (21.2) | 355 (32.4) | 502 (30.7) | 252 (23.4) |
| History of diabetes | 4147 (10.0) | 174 (5.4) | 172 (5.4) | 63 (6.6) | 652 (8.6) | 64 (5.8) | 81 (5.0) | 48 (4.5) |
| Mean (SD) Total calorie, kcal/day | 1477±514 | 1694±560 | 1846±640 | 1962±761 | 1571±582 | 1762±634 | 1842±599 | 1983±753 |
| Mean (SD) energy-adjusted intake | ||||||||
| Protein, g/day | 59.8±9.4 | 59.7±9.8 | 58.4±10.9 | 53.6±12.8 | 58.6±10.1 | 59.1±10.2 | 56.2±11.1 | 49.8±13.1 |
| Cholesterol, mg/day | 170±67.6 | 176±71.2 | 179±83.4 | 168±96.2 | 183±86.5 | 190±89.8 | 192±95.5 | 184±116 |
| Marine omega-3 fatty acid, g/day | 0.32±0.2 | 0.32±0.2 | 0.32±0.2 | 0.30±0.2 | 0.32±0.2 | 0.32±0.2 | 0.32±0.2 | 0.29±0.2 |
| Omega-6 fatty acid, g/day | 8.2±3.1 | 8.2±3.3 | 7.8±3.7 | 6.9±3.8 | 7.3±2.9 | 7.4±3.2 | 6.7±3.1 | 5.5±3.3 |
| Vitamin A, IU/day | 5388±2977 | 5418±3096 | 5086±3162 | 4402±3233 | 4389±2711 | 4323±2630 | 3991±2746 | 3232±2634 |
| Vitamin C, mg/day | 110±137 | 119±152 | 108±140 | 96.6±167 | 79.5±98.2 | 80±89.4 | 74.2±122 | 52.6±72.9 |
Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise.