Table 1. Demographic and neuropsychological data among LOD, EOD and HC groups.
| LOD (n = 32) | EOD (n = 32) | HC (n = 43) | χ2/F/t | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex(male/female) | 10/22 | 8/24 | 16/27 | 1.3 | 0.531a |
| Age | 69.1 ± 5.3 | 66.1 ± 5.6 | 67.8 ± 5.3 | 2.6 | 0.079b |
| Education | 11.6 ± 2.9 | 11.6 ± 2.6 | 12.1 ± 2.4 | 0.5 | 0.620b |
| HAMD | 3.8 ± 4.0* | 4.2 ± 2.3# | 1.5 ± 2.4 | 9.0 | < 0.001b |
| Age at onset | 67.7 ± 5.2 | 39.6 ± 8.4 | - | 16.1 | < 0.001c |
| Duration of depression | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 26.5 ± 11.4 | - | –12.3 | < 0.001c |
| AVLT-DR | 6.0 ± 2.3** | 5.8 ± 2.9## | 8.0 ± 1.6 | 10.9 | < 0.001b |
| DSST | 31.5 ± 9.3** | 36.4 ± 10.3 | 41.1 ± 9.0 | 9.4 | < 0.001b |
| ROCF-DR | 13.3 ± 6.1** | 12.5 ± 7.5## | 19.8 ± 4.9 | 16.4 | < 0.001b |
| Semantic similarity | 16.2 ± 4.8** | 16.9 ± 2.3## | 20.1 ± 2.5 | 15.4 | < 0.001b |
| TMT-A (seconds) | 74.5 ± 27.5 | 67.8 ± 16.8 | 65.1 ± 16.0 | 2.0 | 0.138b |
| TMT-B (seconds) | 207.3 ± 73.7* | 185.9 ± 67.5 | 166.2 ± 55.0 | 3.7 | 0.028b |
Note: LOD: late-onset depression; EOD: early-onset depression; HC: healthy controls; HAMD: Hamilton depression scale; AVLT-DR: auditory verbal learning test-delay recall; DSST: digit symbol substitution test; ROCF-DR: Rey-Osterrieth complex figure fest-delay recall; TMT: trail making test. Post hoc analysis: LOD vs HC: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; EOD vs HC: #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.001. aChi square test; bAnalysis of variance; cIndependent samples t-test.