Table 1. Criteria for diagnosing the metabolic syndrome.
| Scientific body | Required criteria | Central obesity | Lipid profile | Blood pressure | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHOa (4) | Glucose intolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes and/or insulin resistance (defined from insulin clamp), plus two or more of the criteria in the following columns: | Waist-to-hip ratio >0.90 (males) or >0.85 (females) and/or body mass index >30 kg/m2 | Triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl and/or HDL-cholesterol < 3 5 mg/dl (males) or <39 mg/dl (females) | ≥ 140/90 mm Hg | Mcroalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate ≥20 g/min or albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) |
| EGIRa (19) | Insulin resistance (defined as fasting hyperinsulinemia; top 25% of nondiabetic population), plus two or more of the criteria in the following columns: | Waist circumference ≥94 cm (males) or ≥80 cm (females) | Triglyceride ≥180 mg/dl and/or HDL-cholesterol <39 mg/dl or treated for dyslipidemia | ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or treated for hypertension | Fasting glucose ≥ 110 but < 126 mg/dl and/or 2-hour glucose (after standard oral load) ≥ 140 but < 200 mg/dl |
| NCEP ATPIIIb (150) | Three or more of the criteria in the following columns: | Waist circumference > 102 cm (males) or >88 cm (females) | Triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dl (males) or < 50 mg/dl (females) | ≥130/85 mm Hg | Fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl |
| IDFb (3) | Increased waist circumference (edinicity specific) plus two or more of the criteria in the following columns: | Europids (and eastern Mediterranean, sub-Saharan Africans, and Middle East/Arab populations): ≥94 cm (males) or ≥80 cm (females); South Asians and Chinese (and edinic South and Central Americans): ≥90 cm (males) or ≥80 cm (females); Japanese: ≥85 cm (males) or ≥90 cm (females) | Triglyceride > 150 mg/dl and/or HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dl (males) or < 50 mg/dl (females) or treated for dyslipidemia | ≥130/85 mm Hg or treated for hypertension | Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl |
| AHA/NHLBIb (85) | Three or more of the criteria in the following columns: | Waist circumference > 102 cm (males) or >88 cm (females) | Triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl and/or HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dl (males) or < 50 mg/dl (females) | ≥130/85 mm Hg | Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl |
| AACE/ACEa (65) | Any of the following, but other risk factors should also be considered: | – | Triglyceride >150 mg/dl and/or HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dl (males) or <50 mg/dl (females) or treated for dyslipidemia | ≥130/85 mm Hg | Fasting glucose ≥110 but <126 mg/dl and/or 2-hour glucose (after standard oral load) ≥140 but <200 mg/dl |
| QCSb “hypertriglyceridemic waist” (53) | Both of the following: | Waist circumference ≥90 cm | Triglyceride ≥180 mg/dl | – | – |
a
Definition targets primarily individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes
b
definition targets primarily individuals at risk of coronary heart disease.
WHO,World Health Organization; EGIR, European Group for study of Insulin Resistance; NCEP ATPIII, National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; AHA/NHLBI, American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; AACE/ACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology; QCS, Quebec Cardiovascular Study.
To convert triglyceride to mmol/l, multiply by 0.01129; to convert cholesterol to mmol/l, multiply by 0.02586; to convert glucose to mmol/l, multiply by 0.05551.