| Da Qing, China (125, 167) |
577 47% women Age: 45 ± 9 years BMI:26 ± 4 kg/m2
|
Four arms: (a) diet-only group received counseling sessions on reducing energy intake, and those with BMI >25 were encouraged to lose 0.5–1 kg of weight per month until a BMI of 23, (b) exercise-only group encouraged to increase daily exercise, (c) diet-plus-exercise group received both of the above interventions, and (d) control group received general instructions. |
6 years (167) |
The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 68% in the control group, 44% in the diet group, 41% in the exercise group, and 46% in the diet-plus-exercise group, corresponding to reduced risk for developing diabetes by 31 % in the diet group, 46% in the exercise group, and 42 % in the diet-plus-exercise group. |
| Active intervention ceased at 6 years. |
20 years (125) |
The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 93 % in the control group and 80% in the intervention groups (all three combined), corresponding to reduced risk for developing diabetes by 43 % in the lifestyle intervention group (by 42% in the diet group, 49% in the exercise group, and 34% in the diet-plus-exercise group). |
| Diabetes Prevention Study, Finland (129,213) |
522 67% women Age: 55 ± 7 years BML 31 ± 5 kg/m2
|
Two arms: (a) lifestyle intervention group received individualized advice on diet, physical activity (endurance and strength exercise), and weight loss, along with behavior counseling, (b) control group received general information for diabetes prevention. |
3.2 years (213) |
The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 24% in the control group and 11 % in the lifestyle intervention group, corresponding to reduced risk for developing diabetes by 58% in the lifestyle intervention group. |
| Active intervention ceased at 3.2 years. |
6 years (129) |
The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 38% in the control group and 23 % in the lifestyle intervention group, corresponding to reduced risk for developing diabetes by 43 % in the lifestyle intervention group. |
| Diabetes Prevention Program, USA (117) |
3234 68% women Age: 51 ± 11 years BMI:34 ± 7 kg/m2
|
Four arms: (a) lifestyle intervention group received advice on diet and physical activity emphasizing weight loss, along with behavior counseling, (b) control group received general information on healthy lifestyle, (c) metformin group (see text), and (d) troglitazone (discontinued). |
2.8 years |
The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 29% in the control group and 14% in the lifestyle intervention group, corresponding to reduced risk for developing diabetes by 58% in the lifestyle intervention group. |
| Japan (118) |
484 0% women Age: 52 years BMI: 24±2 kg/m2
|
Two arms: (a) lifestyle intervention group received advice on diet and physical activity emphasizing weight loss if BMI ≥22, along with behavior counseling, and (b) control group received less-frequent advice on diet and exercise and was encouraged to lose weight if BMI ≥24. |
4 years |
The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 9% in the control group and 3% in the lifestyle intervention group, corresponding to reduced risk for developing diabetes by 67% in the lifestyle intervention group. |
| Diabetes Prevention Program, India (178) |
531 21% women Age: 46±6 years BMI: 26±4 kg/m2
|
Four arms: (a) lifestyle intervention group received advice on reducing dietary intake and increasing physical activity, along with behavior counseling, (b) control group received standard advice, (c) metformin-only group (see text), and (d) metformin-plus-lifestyle modification group (see text). |
2.5 years |
The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 55% in the control group and 39% in the lifestyle intervention group, corresponding to reduced risk for developing diabetes by 29% in the lifestyle intervention group. |
