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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 23.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Immunol. 2017 May 12;2(11):eaam7341. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam7341

Fig. 5. Integrin α4β7 is incorporated into HIV-1 virions circulating in vivo in infected patients.

Fig. 5

MAdCAM-1− and ICAM-1-mediated capture of cell-free HIV-1 virions circulating in serum from infected patients. Sera on the left side were obtained during the early stage of HIV-1 infection (0-6 months), while those on the right side were obtained during the chronic phase, after 6 months of primary infection. Due to the limited amount of patient serum available, capture could only be performed with the recombinant α4β7 ligand, MAdCAM-1, which permitted to document the functionality of the incorporated integrin, as well as with ICAM-1, used as a control integrin ligand. Captured virions were quantified by real-time PCR using specific HIV-1 primers and probes on serum-extracted RNA; the results are expressed as viral genome equivalents per mL. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired 2-tailed t-test. In addition to the statistical comparisons shown in the figure, the difference between MAdCAM-1− and ICAM-1-mediated virus capture in the <6-months group was also statistically significant (p = 0.0278 by paired 2-tailed t-test), while no statistical difference was detected in the >6-months group.