Table 1. Characteristics of Lung Cancer Cases and Controls.
| Characteristics | Cases (n=908), n (%) | Controls (n=908), n (%) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 566 (37.7) | 566 (37.7) | |
| Female | 342 (62.3) | 342 (62.3) | 1.000 |
| Age (yr), mean (SD) | 60.8 (10.4) | 60.9 (10.4) | 0.911 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 363 (43.6) | 363 (43.6) | |
| Former | 306 (33.7) | 306 (33.7) | |
| Current | 206 (22.7) | 206 (22.7) | 1.000 |
| Exposure to secondhand smoke | |||
| At work | |||
| Never | 497 (55.2) | 468 (52.7) | |
| Occasional | 142 (15.8) | 153 (17.2) | |
| Regular | 262 (29.1) | 267 (30.1) | |
| Missing | 7 | 20 | 0.539 |
| At home | |||
| Never | 498 (55.3) | 483 (43.4) | |
| Occasional | 14 (1.6) | 48 (5.4) | |
| Regular | 389 (43.2) | 357 (40.2) | |
| Missing | 7 | 20 | <0.001 |
| Family history of cancer | |||
| None | 565 (62.2) | 709 (78.1) | |
| Other cancers | 282 (31.1) | 174 (19.2) | |
| Lung cancer | 61 (6.7) | 25 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Histology type | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 559 (63.2) | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 188 (21.2) | ||
| Small cell carcinoma | 55 (6.2) | ||
| Large cell carcinoma | 35 (4.0) | ||
| Non-differentiated | 19 (2.1) | ||
| Others | 29 (3.3) | ||
| Missing | 23 | ||
| Frequency of fruit consumption | |||
| 1–3 times/month | 187 (21.7) | 114 (14.6) | |
| 1–6 times/week | 396 (45.9) | 472 (60.4) | |
| At least once/day | 279 (32.4) | 195 (25.0) | |
| Missing | 46 | 0127 | <0.001 |
| Occupational carcinogens | |||
| No | 601 (66.2) | 675 (74.3) | |
| Yes | 307 (33.8) | 233 (25.7) | <0.001 |
| Education | |||
| More than high school | 186 (21.6) | 228 (25.8) | |
| High school | 320 (37.2) | 331 (37.4) | |
| Less than high school | 355 (41.2) | 326 (36.8) | 0.069 |
| Missing | 47 | 23 |
SD, standard deviation.
*Two-sided χ2 test and Mann-Whitney test where appropriate.