Table 1.
Characteristics of ALIVE study participants: all participants and stratified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status.
| All participants (n = 1,178) | HIV positive (n = 316) | HIV negative (n = 862) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean in years (95% CI) | 46.8 (46.3–47.2) | 46.9 (46.2–47.6) | 46.7 (46.1–47.3) | 0.762 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 765 (64.9) | 203 (64.2) | 562 (65.2) | 0.783 |
| Female | 413 (35.1) | 113 (35.8) | 300 (34.8) | |
| Race | ||||
| White/other | 147 (12.5) | 20 (6.3) | 127 (14.7) | 0.0001 |
| African-American | 1,031 (87.5) | 296 (93.7) | 735 (85.3) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 776 (65.9) | 230 (73.3) | 546 (63.4) | 0.002 |
| Ever married | 399 (33.9) | 84 (26.8) | 315 (36.6) | |
| Employed | ||||
| No | 870 (73.9) | 253 (80.1) | 617 (71.7) | 0.004 |
| Yes | 306 (26.0) | 63 (19.9) | 243 (28.3) | |
| Cigarette smoker | ||||
| No | 181 (15.4) | 56 (17.8) | 125 (14.5) | 0.164 |
| Yes | 994 (84.4) | 258 (82.2) | 736 (85.5) | |
| IV drug use in past 6 months | ||||
| None | 637 (54.1) | 182 (57.6) | 455 (52.8) | 0.007 |
| <Daily | 293 (24.9) | 87 (27.5) | 206 (23.9) | |
| ≥Daily | 248 (21.1) | 47 (14.9) | 201 (23.3) | |
| Number of injections in past 30 days, median (IQR) | 25 (4–60) | 12 (4–35) | 30 (4–60) | 0.038 |
| Number of alcoholic drinks/day | ||||
| 0 | 549 (46.6) | 173 (54.8) | 376 (43.6) | 0.009 |
| 1–2 | 339 (28.8) | 78 (24.7) | 261 (30.3) | |
| 3–4 | 166 (14.1) | 38 (12.0) | 128 (14.9) | |
| ≥5 | 124 (10.5) | 27 (8.5) | 97 (11.3) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| 0 | 293 (24.9) | 43 (13.6) | 250 (29.0) | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 406 (34.5) | 87 (27.5) | 319 (37.0) | |
| 2 | 294 (25.0) | 105 (33.2) | 189 (21.9) | |
| ≥3 | 185 (15.7) | 81 (25.6) | 104 (12.1) | |
| Body mass index | ||||
| <30 | 931 (79.0) | 259 (82.0) | 672 (78.0) | 0.135 |
| ≥30 | 247 (21.0) | 57 (18.0) | 190 (22.0) | |
| Hepatitis C infection | ||||
| No | 166 (14.0) | 0 (0.0) | 166 (19.3) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 1,012 (86.0) | 316 (100.0) | 696 (80.7) | |
| CD4+ T-cells, cells/mm3, median (IQR) | 304 (180–437) | |||
| HIV viral load, copies/ml, median (IQR) | 961 (400–28,000) | |||
| cART use in past 6 months | ||||
| No | 148 (46.8) | |||
| Yes | 163 (51.6) | |||
| Neopterin, nmol/ml, median (IQR) | 16.52 (10.85–26.78) | 25.98 (16.49–39.08) | 14.36 (9.83–21.88) | <0.0001 |
| Factor (TNF)-α receptor (sTNFR)-1, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 1,491 (1,260–1,834) | 1,484 (1,257–1,955) | 1,492 (1,261–1,808) | 0.416 |
| sTNFR-2, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 4,976 (3,833–6,900) | 9,682 (5,113–9,213) | 4,487 (3,592–5,964) | <0.0001 |
| IL6, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 1.61 (1.01–2.75) | 1.81 (1.21–3.12) | 1.50 (0.95–2.67) | 0.0001 |
| C-reactive protein, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 1,566 (546–4,632) | 1,307 (498–3,815) | 1,723 (552–4,878) | 0.069 |
Values are number (%) unless otherwise noted.
cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range.