Table 4.
Association of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with all-cause mortality stratified by renal function (eGFRcrea-cysC) in 5,469 (322 cases) subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study.
| eGFRcrea-cysC ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m2) | ||
| Subjects (deaths) | 3336 (103) | P-value |
| TMAO (µM) | 2.91 [1.54–5.43] | |
| eGFRcreatcysC (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 103.7 ± 9.0 | |
| Crude | 1.08 [0.91–1.30] | 0.38 |
| Model 1 | 0.99 [0.82–1.21] | 0.97 |
| Model 2 | 0.97 [0.80–1.18] | 0.77 |
| eGFRcrea-cysC <90 mL/min per 1.73 m2) | ||
| Subjects (deaths) | 2133 (219) | P-value |
| TMAO (µM) | 3.66 [2.04–6.11] | |
| eGFRcreatcysC (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 76.0 ± 12.1 | |
| Crude | 1.29 [1.12–1.48] | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1.21 [1.05–1.39] | 0.009 |
| Model 2 | 1.18 [1.02–1.36] | 0.023 |
Median [IQR] TMAO levels are given. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models. TMAO was logarithmically transformed before analysis. 1 SD change in TMAO corresponds to 2.94 µM (antilog). Model 1: age, sex. Model 2: Model 1 + UAE. Abbreviations: eGFR crea-cysC, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine-cystatin C equation; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; UAE, urinary albumin excretion. Statistically significant correlations are shown in bold print.