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. 2017 Oct 23;7:13770. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13159-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Recent trends (2009 to 2016) in warming, concentrations of oxygen and phosphorus, and cyanobacterial biomass in Lake Zurich (Switzerland). (a) Water temperature and two white isolines showing 4.5 °C and 5.0 °C, respectively. (b) Dissolved oxygen concentration and the 6 mg O₂ l⁻¹ isoline which is a proxy for the depth of maximal water turnover during spring. Note the metalimnetic oxygen minima developing each autumn expanding between 15–40 m water depths. Concentrations of dissolved orthophosphate (c), total phosphorus (d) and particulate (i.e., mostly organismic bound) phosphorus (e). (f) Total biomass (chlorophyll a concentration) of the most dominant primary producer in Lake Zurich, the cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens. Data based on biweekly profiles (n = 192) of parameters measured in 1 m depth intervals (0 to 120 m depth) in a,b,f. Data based on monthly profiles (n = 96) of 17 sampling depths (n = 1,632) in c,d,e.