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. 2017 Oct 23;7:13743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13915-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vitro characterisation of nanoparticulate formulations of BVDV antigens. PLGA nanoparticles were synthesised as described with either BVDV antigens (Vaccine-NP) or OVA (Control-NP). A graphical representation of Vaccine-NP is shown in (A). Particles were analysed with dynamic light scattering to assess size (B) and charge (C); data represents the pooled particles used in this study read in triplicate runs. Size bars are annotated with polydispersity indices; error bars represent the SD. The size and charge of Vaccine-NP and Control-NP were compared by a student’s t-test (*p < 0.05). Surface coating of nanoparticles with BVDV E2 was determined by flow cytometry following staining of Control-NP (red) and Vaccine-NP (blue) with a BVDV E2 specific mAb followed by anti-mouse IgG1-APC (D). Calculation of nanoparticle loading and coating on a per dose basis and estimate of loading/coating efficiency (E). Mean data of all particle batches used in this study (n = 12) are presented ± SD.