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. 2017 Oct 23;7:13800. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14231-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Panel (a) and (d) refer to Material & Method, panel (b), (c) and (e) to Results. (a) Visualization of the experimental setup. (b) Growth of inducer populations. The x-axis shows the densities of the inducer populations at the beginning of the experiment. The y-axis show log transformed growth rates of these inducer populations. The bigger the inducer populations were at the beginning the less they were growing. (c) Growth of tester (indicator) populations. The x-axis shows the densities of the inducer populations at the beginning of the experiment. The y-axis show log transformed growth rates of tester populations. The bigger the inducer populations were at the beginning the less the tester populations were growing. (d) Arrangement of units in a grid. All units – small cuvette standing in a big one, i.e. treatment group(s) – have been optically shielded from each other (by black cardboard of 0.33 mm thickness). In a typical experiment, the units are placed in a random design. Note, that volatiles – if existing – would affect the outcome by influencing all units across a microclimate. (e) Effect of graphite shielding. Shielded cells grow better than non-shielded tester populations when (both are) having neighbors.