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. 2017 Oct 23;7:13833. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14018-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) The UV-Vis absorbance spectra of the P25, β-NaYF₄, β-NaYF₄:Ho³⁺, β-NaYF₄:Ho³⁺@TiO, β-NaYF₄:Ho³⁺@TiO₂-rGO, GO, and the RGO prepared by hydrothermal method under the same conditions asβ-NaYF₄:Ho³⁺@TiO₂-rGO; inset: the enlarged spectra ranging from 400 nm to 500 nm. (b) The plot for bandgap energy Eg. (c) VB XPS; inset: schematic illustration of the band gap structures. (d) Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of samples under 450 nm excitations.