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. 2017 Oct 23;7:13786. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14157-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protective efficacy of vaccine antisera in the presence of human plasma. To assess if the presence of human plasma will inhibit the opsonic ability of vaccine antisera, GAS pre-incubation-challenge experiments were undertaken. GAS NS88.2 strain was co-incubated with antisera from either MJ8CombiVax-, CRM- or PBS-vaccinated mice and human plasma (mixed 1:1) for 1 h at 4 °C. The serum/plasma mix was removed by washing the bacterial pellet and the resuspended bacterial inoculum was injected intraperitoneally into SCID mice. Post 48 h of bacterial challenge, mice were culled and bacterial burden in blood and spleen were assessed. The results are shown as box and whisker plot where the line in the box is indicating the median, the box extremities indicating the upper and lower quartiles and the whiskers showing minimum to the maximum values. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc method was utilised to calculate significance between the control and test groups. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.