Table 1.
General characteristics of study participants, stratified by cancer status
| Characteristic | Case (n=377) | Control (n=754) | p-valuea) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 53.90±9.19 | 53.83±9.05 | 0.900 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 246 (65.25) | 492 (65.25) | > 0.999 |
| Female | 131 (34.75) | 262 (34.75) | |
| Histological type | |||
| Intestinal | 144 (38.20) | ||
| Diffuse | 151 (40.05) | ||
| Mixed | 53 (14.06) | ||
| Missing | 29 (7.69) | ||
| Alcohol drinking status | |||
| Non-drinker | 111 (29.44) | 218 (28.91) | 0.358 |
| Ex-drinker | 38 (10.08) | 58 (7.69) | |
| Current drinker | 228 (60.48) | 478 (63.40) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Non-smoker | 152 (40.32) | 344 (45.62) | 0.001 |
| Ex-smoker | 110 (29.18) | 256 (33.95) | |
| Current smoker | 115 (30.50) | 154 (20.42) | |
| Education | |||
| Elementary | 54 (14.36) | 43 (5.97) | < 0.001 |
| Middle-high | 237 (63.03) | 295 (40.97) | |
| University | 85 (22.61) | 382 (53.06) | |
| Regular exercise | |||
| Yes | 136 (36.07) | 416 (55.39) | < 0.001 |
| No | 241 (63.93) | 335 (44.61) | |
| Helicobacter pylori infection | |||
| Negative | 28 (7.43) | 288 (38.20) | < 0.001 |
| Positive | 349 (92.57) | 466 (61.80) | |
| Dietary intakeb) | |||
| Isoflavone(mg/day) | 13.82±9.74 | 15.56±12.22 | 0.009 |
| Legumes (g/day) | 3.99±7.07 | 5.80±10.97 | 0.001 |
| Tofu (g/day) | 36.10±30.73 | 38.45±33.30 | 0.252 |
| Soymilk (g/day) | 122.76±1,210.09 | 337.6±5,904.90 | 0.338 |
| Sprouts (g/day) | 14.08±16.18 | 16.49±19.92 | 0.029 |
| Soybean paste (g/day) | 6.32±7.81 | 5.99±7.21 | 0.482 |
| Total soy product (g/day) | 71.75±51.61 | 82.88±77.25 | 0.005 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
a)
Significant difference between case and control obtained by Student's t test and chi-square test,
b)
Adjusted for total daily calorie intake.