Table III.
Newborn Outcomes by Study Group (n=359)
| Outcome variables | Exclusive opioid users (n=22) |
Polydrug users (n=59) |
Abstinent controls (n=278) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight | |||||
| Weight (grams) | unadjusted | 2925.2±313.0‡ | 2868.2±347.3‡ | 3302.7±420.7 | <0.01 |
| adjusted§ | 2895.7±105.8‡ | 2873.5±78.3‡ | 3222.6±69.7 | <0.01 | |
| Weight percentile | unadjusted | 18.9±15.4† | 19.1±19.8‡ | 40.3±24.8 | <0.01 |
| adjusted§ | 17.8±6.0‡ | 19.2±4.4‡ | 36.7±3.9 | <0.01 | |
| SGA for weight (<10th percentile) | 36.4% | 37.3% | 10.4% | <0.01 | |
| Birth length | |||||
| Length (cm) | unadjusted | 47.8±3.6† | 48.2±2.8‡ | 49.9±3.7 | <0.01 |
| adjusted§ | 47.7±0.9‡ | 48.3±0.7‡ | 49.7±0.6 | <0.01 | |
| Length percentile | unadjusted | 29.5±23.8‡ | 34.1±24.9‡ | 56.4±27.8 | <0.01 |
| adjusted§ | 26.4±6.9‡ | 31.8±5.1‡ | 53.1±4.5 | <0.01 | |
| SGA for length (<10th percentile) | 27.3% | 17.0% | 8.3% | <0.01 | |
| Head circumference | |||||
| OFC (cm) | unadjusted | 34.0±3.7 | 33.4±2.5† | 34.8±3.6 | 0.03 |
| adjusted§ | 33.5±0.9 | 32.9±0.7† | 34.6±0.6 | 0.03 | |
| OFC percentile | unadjusted | 21.1±25.4‡ | 19.0±21.9‡ | 38.5±27.0 | <0.01 |
| adjusted§ | 17.2±6.6‡ | 14.9±4.9‡ | 36.4±4.3 | <0.01 | |
| SGA for OFC (<10th percentile) | 36.4% | 49.2% | 15.8% | <0.01 | |
| Gestational age at delivery | |||||
| Gestational age at delivery | unadjusted | 38.6±1.7 | 38.4±2.5 | 38.6±1.7 | 0.69 |
| adjusted§ | 38.6±0.4 | 38.5±0.2 | 38.2± 0.2 | 0.64 | |
SGA, small for gestational age (<10th percentile)
OFC, occipital-frontal circumference.
†
p<0.05;
‡
p<0.01 for pairwise comparisons using the abstinent control group as a reference
§
Adjusted for maternal age, tobacco use, binge drinking around LMP, and education level.