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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biomed Eng. 2017 Jun 5;1:0082. doi: 10.1038/s41551-017-0082

Figure 7. Sensitive imaging of ZIKV in placenta and PD-L1 in FFPE pancreatic tumor specimens.

Figure 7

(a) Representative fluorescent images of ZIKV in placental chorionic villi (nuclei counter-stained with DAPI). Scale bar, 100 μm. ZIKV infected cells indicated by arrows can only be observed through IF-EASE, not with conventional IF. Staining specificity is verified using the controls (without primary Ab, or IF-EASE in non-infected placentas). Dashed lines, cytotrophoblast cell layer (identified by morphology). Infected cells appear within the chorionic villus core and villi beneath in close proximity to the cytotrophoblast cell layer. The red background signal is due to tissue autofluorescence, which can be reduced under confocal imaging where the excitation source is a laser (narrow band). (b) Representative fluorescence micrographs of PD-L1 expression in pancreatic specimens from the patient (SU-09-21157), samples counter-stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 100 μm. PD-L1 staining can be easily observed through the IF-EASE technology, but very difficult using the conventional IF. The control experiment (without primary Ab) did not show detectable signals either.