Table 2.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD mortality by levels of serum GGT: the Minnesota Heart Survey
| Baseline serum GGT level (U/l)
|
P trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <18 | 18 to <25 | 25 to ≤ 50 | >50 | ||
| All ages (years) | |||||
| Cases/controls | 33/75 | 43/88 | 36/68 | 26/18 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.62–1.90) | 1.25 (0.70–2.23) | 3.59 (1.70–7.60) | <0.01 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.57–1.80) | 1.08 (0.59–1.98) | 2.68 (1.22–5.88) | 0.05 |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.50–1.65) | 0.88 (0.47–1.66) | 1.88 (0.82–4.33) | 0.37 |
| Age less than 70 years | |||||
| Cases/controls | 7/38 | 14/40 | 20/34 | 16/12 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 2.28 (0.79–6.56) | 3.87 (1.37–10.9) | 9.07 (2.80–29.4) | <0.01 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 2.10 (0.68–6.45) | 3.64 (1.18–11.2) | 6.70 (1.83–24.6) | <0.01 |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 2.17 (0.68–6.97) | 3.54 (1.07–11.7) | 4.69 (1.16–18.9) | 0.02 |
| Age more than or equal to 70 years | |||||
| Cases/controls | |||||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | 26/37 | 28/48 | 16/34 | 10/6 | |
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.40–1.64) | 0.68 (0.31–1.49) | 2.34 (0.75–7.30) | 0.67 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.42–1.75) | 0.68 (0.31–1.51) | 2.35 (0.72–7.66) | 0.72 |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.35–1.62) | 0.51 (0.22–1.20) | 1.63 (0.45–5.82) | 0.63 |
a
Adjusted for matching factors age (continuous) and sex.
b
Adjusted for matching factors age (continuous) and sex, BMI (continuous), current cigarette smoking, alcohol use (continuous), physical activity (continuous).
c
Adjusted as in model 2 and serum total cholesterol (continuous), serum HDL cholesterol (continuous), systolic blood pressure (continuous), and nonfasting serum glucose (continuous). CVD, cardiovascular diseases; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.