Table 1.
Background characteristics of case-patients and control-patients.
| Whole population | Cases Oral streptococcal IE | Controls Non oral IE | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| 265 | 73 (27.5%) | 192 (73.4%) | |||||
| N* | %* | N* | %* | N* | %* | p | |
| Patients’ characteristics | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Age, years (mean, SD) | 60.8 | 16.7 | 55.5 | 17.6 | 62.8 | 15.9 | 0.002 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 123 | 46.4 | 21 | 28.8 | 102 | 53.1 | 0.001 |
|
| |||||||
| Male sex | 217 | 80.0 | 53 | 72.6 | 159 | 82.8 | 0.063 |
| At least one comorbidity | 94 | 35.5 | 15 | 20.5 | 79 | 41.1 | 0.002 |
|
| |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 48 | 18.1 | 9 | 12.3 | 39 | 20.3 | 0.132 |
|
| |||||||
| Cancer | 41 | 15.5 | 6 | 8.2 | 35 | 18.2 | 0.044 |
|
| |||||||
| Dialysis | 5 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2.6 | 0.329 |
|
| |||||||
| Intravenous drug use | 6 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3.1 | 0.019 |
|
| |||||||
| Active smoking | 51 | 19.8 | 15 | 21.7 | 36 | 19.0 | 0.631 |
|
| |||||||
| Cardiac history | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Underlying valve diseases (HD) | 0.014 | ||||||
| Prosthetic valve | 67 | 25.3 | 18 | 24.7 | 49 | 25.5 | |
| Previously known native HD | 76 | 28.1 | 30 | 41.1 | 46 | 24.0 | |
| No previously known HD | 122 | 46.0 | 25 | 34.2 | 97 | 50.5 | |
| Pacemaker and/or implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 29 | 10.9 | 2 | 2.7 | 27 | 14.1 | 0.008 |
|
| |||||||
| History of IE | 21 | 7.9 | 7 | 9.6 | 14 | 7.3 | 0.536 |
Note:
*
unless otherwise specified
IE infective endocarditis
Bold value: statistically significant