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. 2017 Oct 24;7:13881. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14133-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of different treatments on total dry matter (shoot + root) plant⁻¹ during maize growth stages in 2015 and 2016. L: low plant density (52500 plant ha⁻¹); M: medium plant density (75000 plant ha⁻¹); H: high plant density (97500plant ha⁻¹); I₀: plastic film ridges with no irrigation; IB: plastic film ridges and irrigation (375 m³ ha⁻¹) at the bell stage; IF: plastic film ridges and irrigation (375 m³ ha⁻¹) at the flowering stage; IBF: plastic film ridges and irrigation (750 m³ ha⁻¹) at the bell and flowering stages; CK: traditional flat planting with plastic film mulching and no irrigation. Vertical bars represent the LSD at p = 0.05 (n = 3).