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. 2017 Oct 24;7:13881. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14133-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of different treatments on irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of maize crops in 2015 and 2016. IB: plastic film ridges and irrigation (375 m³ ha⁻¹) at the bell stage; IF: plastic film ridges and irrigation (375 m³ ha⁻¹) at the flowering stage; IBF: plastic film ridges and irrigation (750 m³ ha⁻¹) at the bell and flowering stages. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05, and the error bars represent the standard deviations at the 5% level (Duncan’s multiple range test).