TABLE 2.
Mouse models associated with supernumerary teeth.
| Pathway | Mouse mutant | Supernumerary teeth |
|---|---|---|
| Shh | Gas1−/− | Premolar mesial to first molar, both jaws (100% penetrance).49 |
| Gas1−/−;Shh+/− | Mandibular molar (associated with jaw duplication).92 | |
| Tg737orpkhypomorph | Premolar mesial to first molar, both jaws (100% penetrance).93 | |
| Wnt | Wnt-Cre; Polarisflox/flox | Premolar mesial to first molar, both jaws (100% penetrance).49 |
| Epiprofin−/− | Multiple incisors (> 50) and molars (> 8) in both jaws94 | |
| K14-Cre; Apccko/cko | Multiple incisor and molar tooth buds95 | |
| K14-Cre8Brn; Apccko/cko | Numerous labial and lingual incisor and molar teeth (↑with age) derived from oral epithelium, vestibular lamina, principle and supernumerary teeth themselves60 | |
| K14-Cre1Amc; Apccko/cko | Numerous epithelial buds from E14.560 | |
| K14-CreER™; Apccko/cko | Numerous labial and lingual incisors (age P5–10/12) P5–8 supernumeraries associated with oral epithelium, incisors and molars60 | |
| K14-CreER™; Ctnb1(ex3)/fl+ | Numerous labial and lingual incisors (age P5–6/12) P5 molar supernumeraries60 | |
| K14-Cre−/+; β-cateninexΔex3fl/+ | Multiple incisor and molar epithelial invaginations in both jaws.96 | |
| K14-Cre; Ctnnb1(ex3)fl/+ | Multiple molar epithelial invaginations.97 | |
| K14-Lef1 | Rudimentary teeth at inappropriate sites.71 | |
| R-spondin2−/− | Superunmerary teeth in the mandible diastema (66.7%)73 | |
| FGF | Spry2−/− | Premolar mesial to first molar; maxilla (> 5%), mandible (97%: 92% bilateral; 5% unilateral).98 |
| Spry4−/− | Both jaws? 16% penetrance (most unilateral).68 | |
| BMP | Ectodin-/-(Sostdc1, USAG1, Wise) | Supernumerary incisors in the maxilla and mandible |
| Premolar mesial to first molar, peg-shaped tooth lingual to first molar | ||
| Variable penetrance, ↓ in mandible99 | ||
| Lrp4−/−(Megf7) hypomorph | Supernumerary incisors in the maxilla and mandible.62 | |
| Premolar mesial to first molar (varying penetrance in both jaws) | ||
| Lingual peg-shaped tooth (maxilla, variable penetrance) | ||
| Wise−/−,Lrp5−/− | Supernumerary maxillary incisors (77.8%).61 | |
| Wise−/−,Lrp5+/− | Supernumerary maxillary incisors (100%)61 | |
| Wise−/−,Lrp6+/− | Supernumerary incisors (maxillary 10%).61 | |
| Osr2−/− | Lingual molars52 | |
| TNF | K14-Eda | Premolar mesial to first molar; incomplete penetrance (mandible>maxilla; unilateral>bilateral).100 |
| K14-Edar | Premolar mesial to first molar; incomplete penetrance101 | |
| B6CBACa-Aw-J/A-EdaTa/0 | Molar (1%; mandible>maxilla).102 | |
| Others | PaxSey | Incisor supernumeraries: 35% unilateral; 45% bilateral incisors103 |
| Tabby+/− | Molar (2.5%; mandible>maxilla).104 | |
| Di | Mandibular incisors (right>left).105 | |
| K14-Cre; Fam20Bflox/flox | Supernumerary incisors at the mesial sides of the lower incisors (100%)81 |